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Locationpeymanmkr@gmail07138725739The passive voice is a grammatical construction in which the object of an action becomes the subject of the sentence. Instead of focusing on who or what performs the action (the agent), the passive voice emphasizes the action itself or the recipient of the action.
Subject (receiver) + auxiliary verb (be) + past participle + (by + agent)
Examples:
Active: The chef (subject) cooks (verb) the meal (object).
Passive: The meal (subject) is cooked (verb) by the chef (agent).
Regular verbs: add -ed
Examples: work → worked * play → played
Irregular verbs: must memorize
Examples: go → gone * eat → eaten
a) When the doer is unknown or unimportant:
Examples: The letter was delivered yesterday. (We don’t know who delivered it.)
b) When the action is more important than the doer:
Examples: The new law was passed last week. (The focus is on the law, not who passed it.)
c) In formal or scientific writing:
Examples: The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions.
The agent (by + doer) is often omitted if it’s obvious or irrelevant.
Only transitive verbs (verbs with objects) can be made passive.
The auxiliary verb (be) changes based on tense:
Present Simple: Subject + am / is / are + past participle
Examples:
Active Voice: She writes a letter.
Passive Voice: A letter is written by her.
Past Simple: Subject + was / were + past participle
Examples:
Active Voice: She wrote a letter.
Passive Voice: A letter was written by her.
Future Simple: Subject + will be + past participle
Examples:
Active Voice: She will write a letter.
Passive Voice: A letter will be written by her.
Present Continuous: Subject + am / is / are being + past participle
Examples:
Active Voice: She is writing a letter.
Passive Voice: A letter is being written by her.
Present Continuous: Subject + was / were being + past participle
Examples:
Active Voice: She was writing a letter.
Passive Voice: A letter was being written by her.
Present Perfect: Subject + have / has been + past participle
Examples:
Active Voice: She has written a letter.
Passive Voice: A letter has been written by her
Present Perfect: Subject + had been + past participle
Examples:
Active Voice: She had written a letter.
Passive Voice: A letter had been written by her.
Future Perfect: Subject + will have been + past participle
Examples:
Active Voice: She will have written a letter.
Passive Voice: A letter will have been written by her.
Modals (can, must, should, etc.): Subject + modal + be + past participle
Examples:
Active Voice: She must write a letter.
Passive Voice: A letter must be written by her.